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Simply Logical
Simply Logical
Preface
I. Logic and Logic Programming
1. A brief introduction to clausal logic
1.1. Answering queries
1.2. Recursion
1.3. Structured terms
1.4. What else is there to know about clausal logic?
2. Clausal logic and resolution: theoretical backgrounds
2.1. Propositional clausal logic
2.2. Relational clausal logic
2.3. Full clausal logic
2.4. Definite clause logic
2.5. The relation between clausal logic and Predicate Logic
2.6. Further reading
3. Logic Programming and Prolog
3.1. SLD-resolution
3.2. Pruning the search by means of cut
3.3. Negation as failure
3.4. Other uses of cut
3.5. Arithmetic expressions
3.6. Accumulators
3.7. Second-order predicates
3.8. Meta-programs
3.9. A methodology of Prolog programming
3.10. Further reading
II. Reasoning with structured knowledge
4. Representing structured knowledge
4.1. Trees as terms
4.2. Graphs generated by a predicate
4.3. Inheritance hierarchies
4.4. Further reading
5. Searching graphs
5.1. A general search procedure
5.2. Depth-first search
5.3. Breadth-first search
5.4. Forward chaining
5.5. Further reading
6. Informed search
6.1. Best-first search
6.2. Optimal best-first search
6.3. Non-exhaustive informed search
6.4. Further reading
III. Advanced reasoning techniques
7. Reasoning with natural language
7.1. Grammars and parsing
7.2. Definite Clause Grammars
7.3. Interpretation of natural language
7.4. Further reading
8. Reasoning with incomplete information
8.1. Default reasoning
8.2. The semantics of incomplete information
8.3. Abduction and diagnostic reasoning
8.4. The complete picture
8.5. Further reading
9. Inductive reasoning
9.1. Generalisation and specialisation
9.2. Bottom-up induction
9.3. Top-down induction
9.4. Further reading
Additional materials
10. A catalogue of useful predicates
10.1. Built-in predicates
10.2. A library of utility predicates
11. Two programs for logical conversion
11.1. From Predicate Logic to clausal logic
11.2. Predicate Completion
12. Answers to selected exercises
12.1. A brief introduction to clausal logic
12.2. Clausal logic and resolution: theoretical backgrounds
12.3. Logic Programming and Prolog
12.4. Representing structured knowledge
12.5. Searching graphs
12.6. Informed search
12.7. Reasoning with natural language
12.8. Reasoning with incomplete information
12.9. Inductive reasoning
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Representing structured knowledge
12.4.
Representing structured knowledge
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The exercises in this chapter should not provide major difficulties.
